Epstein Barr, or infectious mononucleosis. Here we go again.
Itās been ages since I last wrote about a possible viral connection to the insurgence of MGUSā¦At one point, a few years ago, I even had the brilliant (?) idea of asking you all to let me know if you had had a similar experience to mine. What happened to me is that I began having what I now know were possible symptoms of MGUS (mainly, fatigue fatigue fatigue) while I was in grad school, right after I had recovered from a bad case of Epstein-Barr (= EBV, from now on)ā¦This would have been April of 1995 (Iāve written about this before on the blogā¦just do a search for āEpstein Barrā).
After my appeal on the blog, I received a number of messages and comments, but I just couldnāt detect a trend or anything that might be useful. Not at that time, anyway. So I just put all that data away and, well, eventually, forgot about it. After all, I reasoned, even if I discovered that my MGUS, now SMM, is connected to my bout with Epstein Barr, how would that help me/us now? I mean, itās a bit too late for prevention, right?
However, in the past few days Iāve renewed my interest in EBV. What happened is that I came across a Mexican case report about an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with myeloma (!) associated with, yes, EBV:Ā http://goo.gl/othmW
I was able to read the full report, so I’ll be able to give you a bit more information. What we know from the abstract is that the above-mentioned girl was 9 years old (!!!!!!) when a plasmacytoma was found at the base of her skull. She tested positive for EBV but had no cancer cells in her bone marrow at that time. She was given steroids/local radiotherapy, and her symptoms disappeared. For a while.
Two years later she went back to the doctors because of generalized bone pain. Unfortunately, bone lesions were found in several areas of her body, including the skull, ribs, humerus and spine (and various other bones, too). By this time she had 95% plasma cells in her bone marrow. Incidentally, the full study mentions that gadolinium was used as a contrast agent in her imaging testsā¦Uhm.
Anyway, this was her diagnosis: plasma cell myeloma with kappa chain restriction/IgA+ at a Durie/Salmon clinical stage of IIIA.
One good thing: she didnāt have any kidney damage. She began treatment with dex, thalidomide and zoledronic acidā¦.and, in February 2012 (at the time the study was written), she was awaiting a stem cell transplant.
An important bit of information: EBV was found in the nuclei of 70% of the little girlās myeloma cells (= two different BMB specimens). 70%!
According to the authors, EBV can cause a polyclonal B-cell expansion, which can eventually develop into a monoclonal malignancy. Eh??? What the haystacks does that mean? Okay, step by step:
- B-cells or B lymphocytes, as we know, are the cells that become malignant in myeloma. They get damaged and start proliferating like mad, totally out of control.Ā Ā
- I thought precursor cells were stem cells, but I checked, just in case. No, they arenāt. While precursor cells are similar to stem cells, theyāre more specific. The simple difference between stem and precursor cells is that the former can āreproduceā themselves forever and ever, but the latter canāt.
Simply put: the EBV virus appears to be able to infect (and hide inside the nucleus of) these B-cell precursor cells, which activates a whole series of unfortunate events that eventually lead to the development of myeloma.
Now, the authors note that the association between multiple myeloma and EBV seems to be a rare occurrence. Yes, that may well be trueā¦but then, how many people newly diagnosed with MM or MGUS or SMM get routinely tested for EBV? Were you tested for EBV at the time of your diagnosis? Probably not. I certainly wasnāt.
Hereās some more food for thought:
- EBV frequently doesnāt cause any symptoms. That is, most people are EBV carriers but donāt know it.
- Something like 95% of the world adult population has been infected with the EBV virus. Yes, thatās right. 95%.
- However, 95 % of the worldās population does not have myeloma or MGUS or SMMā¦.otherwise it wouldnāt be considered a rare type of cancer, right?
That said, why couldnāt some of us have gotten this icky thing after a bout with EBV…I mean, why couldnāt EBV possibly be at least one of the causes? After all, I read somewhere that it only takes one wacky cellā¦and bam!, eventually we have myeloma (or MGUS or SMM).
It all begins with just one wacky, abnormal cell.
So here are my final questions of the day:
- what if the EBV test were part of the routine tests we have to have when we are first diagnosed with MGUS, SMM or MM?
- What if an association could be established, at least for some of us?
If (again, for some of us) an association were found, then perhaps our myeloma researchers could devote a bit of their time to studying this issue. See: http://margaret.healthblogs.org/2010/10/28/pieces-of-the-viral-puzzle/
Well, Iām intrigued (again!)ā¦and I want to do some more digging. Iāve found a few, recently published studies on this topic. Furthermore, as I mentioned earlier, when I have a bit of time (SIGH!) Iāll go back and look at the data you have already sent to me. This time, I might be able to put the puzzle together, in spite of the missing pieces…
And that is precisely why Iād very much welcome your thoughts and experiences and helpā¦again!!! Thank you!!!